1. Background: Evolution of EPR Regulations in Indonesia
The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) was introduced in Indonesia through Waste Management Law No. 18 of 2008. Article 15 mandates producers to manage the packaging of their products and those that are difficult to decompose. However, the law lacks detailed guidelines on producers' specific obligations, compliance mechanisms, and reporting requirements.
In 2012, Regulation No. 81, titled "Management of Household Waste and Similar Waste," provided clearer obligations for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. To encourage action on household waste, Presidential Decree No. 97 of 2017 called for national and local governments to create waste management strategies for 2017-2025, incorporating EPR as a key measure. This initiative was further supported by Presidential Decree No. 83/2018 on Marine Debris Handling.
The legal framework for EPR was solidified with Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) Regulation No. 75 of 2019 on the Waste Reduction Roadmap by Producers, enacted on December 5, 2019. This regulation sets a target for producers to achieve a 30% reduction in waste generation by 2029 and provides specific guidance on implementing EPR.
2. Obligated Producers under Indonesian EPR
MoEF Regulation No. 75 of 2019 applies to businesses that produce, import, or sell products made from or packaged in materials that are difficult or non-biodegradable. It specifically targets three sectors: manufacturing, food and beverage services, and retail. Producers in these sectors are responsible for managing the entire life cycle of their products and packaging, necessitating the adoption of various waste reduction strategies.
Table 1: Obligated producers under MoEF Regulation No. 75 of 2019
Sectors | Sub-sectors |
Manufacturing |
|
Food and beverage services |
|
Retail |
|
3. Five Steps to Implement EPR in Indonesia
The Waste Reduction Roadmap is set for implementation from 2020 to 2029, during which producers must follow five steps to ensure EPR compliance:
Step One: Planning
